Noun Incorporation (NI), a productive word formation process in Persian, creates. complex verbs. The rule applies to the verb and one of its arguments, altering the valiancy of the verb. This paper discusses specifications, formation, types, category, and development of the NI verbs. Furthermore, some tests will be rendered to distinguish the NI verbs from other similar constructions. Complex verbs including NI and compound verbs can be arranged in a continuum indicating the prototypes at the two extremes.

Introduction: The expected values of hematologic and serum biochemical parameters in domestic animal species can be affected by breed, age, environment, and nutrition. Established breed-specific reference intervals (RI) are an important tool for monitoring the health of sheep. There is a lack of published data on biochemical RI for Sngsari sheep. Thus, the aims of this study were to establish RI for select of serum biochemical parameters for Sangsari sheep by reference Value Advisor (RVA) method and provide information on the studied parameters for both sex of this breed in order to form a basis for clinical interpretation. Materials and Methods: Sixty healthy Sangsari sheep including 26 ewes and 34 rams (2– 4 years old) were chosen from the breeding station of Sangsari sheep among 150 sheep in Damghan, Semnan, Iran. The type of feeding, all the animals had free access to water and to good-quality alfalfa hay (90. 0 % DM, 15. 8 CP % DM, 50. 4NDF%DM, 31. 6ADF%DM, 5. 8 lignin% DM, and 2. 2 EE % DM). Concentrate (23 % oats, 36 % corn, 38 % barley, and 3%mineral and vitamin supplements) was provided once daily (200 g per animal per day). In the sampling day, breeder signed a subscription form and completed a primary questionnaire consisting of specific questions about past and current health status, sexual status, medications used, and familial and reproductive medical history. Complete physical examinations were performed by the same experienced veterinarian on each sheep. In order to reduce stress, blood samples were taken in the station with minimal changes in the usual schedule of the sheep. Blood samples (taken from the jugular vein) were collected in simple tubes in order to separate the serum (centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min) for biochemical analysis. Samples transported at +4 ° C to the laboratory department of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan, Iran. Biochemical parameters were measured by a autoanalyzer. These parameters included alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyletransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein (TP) and albumin (Alb). For statistical analysis, data were analyzed by reference Value Advisor and outliers were deleted if detected according to Tukey or Dixon. RIs, according to sample size, were determined using a robust method and following Box-Cox transformation of data. The data were normally distributed, and differences between sexes in biochemical parameters were analyzed using independent sample T test. A value of P<0. 05 was considered as significant. Results and Discussion: The RI of biochemical parameters obtained from adult healthy Sangsari sheep includes the following: ALP 49. 24-564. 84 u/l; GGT 24. 14-62. 23 u/l; AST 10. 86-338. 40 u/l; BUN 6. 91-26. 43 mg/dl; TP 5. 19-13. 95 gr/dl and Alb 0. 92-3. 63 gr/dl. Established RI of biochemical parameters for ewes and rams, respectively including: ALP 29. 98-702. 89 u/l; GGT 22. 41-54. 49 u/l; AST 1. 36-279. 89 u/l; BUN 5. 9526. 86 mg/dl; TP 5. 75-12. 83 gr/dl; Alb 0. 84-2. 77 gr/dl and ALP 106. 08-568. 55 u/l; GGT 20. 80-58. 30 u/l; AST 360. 12 u/l; BUN 8. 15-26. 04 mg/dl; TP 4. 66-15. 59 g/dl and Alb 0. 74-3. 77 g/dl. Interpretation of the biochemical results in different breeds of sheep, with regard to RI for each parameter, in conjunction with history, clinical findings and other paraclinical tests helps the clinician to reach a definitive diagnosis. A unique feature of Sangsari sheep is that they are highly adaptable with desert and mountain ranges with high tolerance of drought conditions. This breed is also relatively small size and light weight, and most studies have focused on genetic characteristics associated with this trait. In view of the characteristics mentioned above and considering the lack of reference range for biochemical parameters, it is necessary to determine reference intervals in Sangsari sheep. In order to establish a comprehensive reference interval in Sangsari sheep, a select biochemical parameters were evaluated in the present study. Almost most of the established RI for biochemical parameters in this study differed from previously published RI, so that the lower and upper limits of RI of theses parameters (with the exception of BUN) were lower and higher than the values previously reported. Differences between obtained RI for the Sangsari sheep and previously reported RI for other breeds may be attributed to variations in hormonal influences, hydration status, dietary differences, or adaptations to a desert environment, age, breed, season of study and analytic method. Conclusion: The obtained data provided reference interval for biochemical parameters in Sangsari sheep for the first time. Present study demonstrates significant differences in most of the biochemical parameters. reference intervals determined in this study provide a baseline for interpreting biochemical results in Sangsari sheep, and contribute to optimization of the management of this species.

The holder of a bill of lading hardly ever has the chance and right to see the referred charterparties' terms and conditions. On the one hand, binding the holder of the bill of lading to the terms and conditions which he is not aware of seems unjust and therefore the incorporated clauses might be deemed invalid. On the other hand, dependency of the validity of the contract to the parties' awareness of their rights and obligation endangers commercial certainty. While in some legal systems such as United States of America and France, a general reference is capable of incorporating all of the charterparties' terms and conditions into bill of lading, according to English law an specific reference is required to incorporate ancillary clauses such as jurisdiction clause. Studying sources of Iran's law it could be concluded that the Iranian courts' probable solution should be very similar to the English law's approach.

Background & Objective: In addition to pyramidal neurons and interneurons, the hippocampus contains Astrocytes that play important roles in regulating ion flux currents, energy production, neurotransmitter release and memory. Learning needs some instrument for information storage and information maintenances mechanisms resemble to memory. The aim of this study was determination of spatial memory effect on the number of astrocytes in rat’s hippocampus.Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, with usage of Morris Water Maze and reference memory technique, we used 10 male albino wistar rats. 5 rats were in control group and 5 rats in reference memory group. After histological preparation, the slides were stained with PTAH staining for showing the Astrocytes. Results: The findings of this study showed significant difference in astrocytes number in CA1, CA2 and CA3 area of hippocampus between control and reference memory group. The mean and SD of astrocytes in CA1, CA2 and CA3 of reference memory group were 118.57±25.29, 58.91±23.59 and 116.6±31.14, that they are more than control group with 49±17.29 in CA1, 48.8±25.21 in CA2 and 41.95±11.22 in CA3. Conclusion: We concluded that the number of astrocytes increased due to spatial learning (e.g. reference memory method).

Noun Incorporation (NI) is argued to result from head movement in which the head of an object Noun Phrase moves into the verb creating a Complex Verb (CV) or from word formation rules applying in the lexicon. This paper, argues that NT and CV are not unrelated processes, but points on the same continuum. The paper also argues that neither Baker's (1988) syntactic approach nor Rosen's (1989) lexical approach which does not pay enough attention to semantic and pragmatic aspects of the process can account for NI in Persian. The study indicates that Incorporation in Persian is of various types, such as N+V , V + Compound V, N+PP+V, N+PP+ CV and PP+ V.

Noun Incorporation is one of the productive processes of word formation in Languages especially in Persian. This Process is based on incorporating a nominal head -No- (mainly internal argument) with a lexically verbal head -Vo- and its output is an intransitive incorporate verb. Satisfied with its argument structure, This output itself can act as a base stem for other derivations. Usually, there are two approaches in accounting for Noun Incorporation. One approach is based on a syntactic movement of a noun toward a verb and then their Incorporation as Baker (1988) suggests. The other approach is morphological one which is on the basis of the selection of a noun stem and a verb stem from the lexicon, and then their compounding gives an intransitive incorporate verb, In this article, it has been clarified that morphological approach can account for this process better than syntactic one, because it can increase the degree of productivity and generality in word formation.

In this article the effects of alloying elements on dispersion of α- SiC particulates into aluminum melt were investigated. The time required for Incorporation of α - SiC particulate into aluminum melt was defined as Incorporation time. The Incorporation time of SiC can be shortened by adding Mg or by adding Ti and Sn. These alloying elements have a strong affinity for SiC and are able to form silicide as a result of reaction with SiC. Magnesium silicide was detected by EPMA, although the existence of .titanium silicide could not be confirmed. The Incorporation time of SiC was prolonged by adding Zn, Cu and Sn which have no affinity for SiC. Moreover, particulate dispersion is considerably influenced by surface - active elements. The Incorporation time of SiC particulate was shortened by adding Li which is a surface - active element with strong affinity for SiC, whereas it was prolonged by adding surface - active elements with weak affinity for SiC such as Pb and Bi. This is probably because Pb and Bi adsorb at the interface and hinder the wetting of SiC particulate by aluminum melt. The addition of Si to aluminum prolonged the Incorporation time of SiC, because the dissociation of SiC, that might be necessary for good wetting, was retarded by the existence of Si.      

In this study, the effect of incorporating pasta regrinds with the flour used for producing of sapghetti was investigated .Experimental treatments were produced by mixing of flour with 0 (blank sample), 5,10,15,20,25,50 and 100 percent pasta regrinds, respectively. Spaghetti was produced in a semi-continuous process at Shiar Macaron Factory. Quality experiments such as cooking quality tests (determination of cooking loss percent and cooked weight) and sensory evaluation by trained test panel were the major tests that accomplished on products. The results of experiments showed that with increasing the amounts of regrinds, quality of spaghetti decreases but no considerable difference was observed between blank sample (0%) and with 5, and 10 percent treatments. Whereas further increase in regrind percent i.e. 15% and more, caused considerable reduction of final quality in spaghetti. Finally, the results of this study showed that addition upto 1-0% pasta regrinds has no adverse effect on final quality (obtained by sensory evaluation) and cooking quality of spaghetti.